Barcelona is currently experiencing "exceptional levels" of plane tree pollen, according to the Catalan Aerobiological Network (XAC), causing significant discomfort for thousands of residents across the city. This intense spring episode primarily affects the Eixample and Sant Martí districts, where these common urban trees are most concentrated.
The Ajuntament de Barcelona reports that 43,212 plane trees grow throughout the city, making up approximately 6.6% of its urban tree population. These trees release vast quantities of pollen within a short, intense period each spring, leading to a visible "yellow rain" that covers streets and balconies on dry, windy days. This phenomenon exacerbates allergy symptoms for many, including those without a prior history of allergies.
Joan Guitart, who served as head of Barcelona's Tree Management Area in 2022, acknowledged the changing perception of these trees. He stated that plane trees "are not as useful now as they were at the time, precisely because of the impact they have on health and the accumulation of pollen in the streets, which then has to be cleaned."
Plane trees have been a fixture of Barcelona's landscape for centuries, symbolising La Rambla since 1548. For over a hundred years, they offered an effective solution for urban planning, providing ample shade and demonstrating strong resilience to city conditions. Their widespread planting, particularly in the Eixample district, stems directly from the urban expansion driven by the Pla Cerdà at the start of the 20th century. At that time, plane trees were a cheap and easy species to plant, already popular in France.
Understanding Allergy Symptoms and Risks
Today, the Eixample and Sant Martí districts face the highest exposure during peak pollination periods. The Ordovás Medical Team of Madrid explains that symptoms typically appear suddenly and intensely during flowering. These include frequent sneezing, nasal congestion, mucus, and itching in the nose, throat, and palate. Red eyes, tearing, and ocular itching are also common, forming what specialists call seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.
For some individuals, especially with intense exposure or higher sensitivity, these symptoms can worsen. They may develop respiratory complications such as an irritating cough, a feeling of breathlessness, wheezing, or chest tightness. This progression can indicate asthma and requires prompt medical attention. The sheer volume of plane tree pollen means it affects not only known allergy sufferers but also causes discomfort for people without previous allergy issues.
Protecting Yourself During High Pollen Season
Medical specialists advise minimising exposure during days with high pollen concentrations. They recommend avoiding walks under trees, particularly in the early morning and mid-afternoon. Residents should consult local pollen levels to plan outdoor activities. On challenging days, keeping home windows closed and car windows shut is advisable.
Additionally, when outside, wearing sunglasses and a mask can help sensitive individuals. Upon returning home, it is best to shower immediately, change clothes, and perform nasal or ocular washes. These actions help alleviate accumulated exposure throughout the day. Inside the home, health professionals suggest frequent surface cleaning to prevent pollen build-up. They also recommend against drying laundry outdoors.
Managing Allergy Symptoms and Treatment Options
For improved indoor air quality, allergy sufferers might consider purchasing an air purifier equipped with a HEPA filter. This device helps clean the air of airborne particles, including pollen.
Treatment approaches depend on symptom intensity and require a specialist's guidance. Options range from antihistamines and eye drops to bronchodilators for asthma-related symptoms. In selected cases, vaccines may be prescribed. These diverse treatment options all require medical prescription and supervision. Barcelona's authorities continue to monitor pollen levels and manage the city's extensive tree population.
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Originally published by El Periódico Barcelona. Read original article.
